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DC Motor Speed Control and Rotation Counting System

Introduction

This project aims to create a speed control system for a DC motor using an Arduino Uno, a 16×2 LCD, a hall effect sensor, and a voltage regulator. The system not only controls the speed of the motor but also counts the number of rotations of the motor shaft using the hall effect sensor. The count is displayed in real-time on the LCD.

Components Used

1. Arduino Uno: The microcontroller board that serves as the brain of the project.
2. 16×2 LCD: A liquid crystal display used to show the count of rotations.
3. Hall Effect Sensor: A sensor that detects the presence of a magnetic field, generating a pulse when the magnet attached to the motor passes by.
4. DC Motor: The motor whose speed is controlled and whose rotations are counted.
5. Voltage Regulator: Used to adjust the voltage supplied to the DC motor for speed control.
6. Magnet: Attached to the motor shaft to interact with the hall effect sensor.

Circuit Design

The circuit is designed as follows:

• The DC motor is connected to the voltage regulator, which controls the voltage and thereby the speed of the motor.
• The hall effect sensor is positioned near the motor shaft with the magnet, allowing it to detect rotations.
• The Arduino Uno is connected to the LCD to display the rotation count and is also wired to the hall effect sensor to read the pulse signal.

Working Principle

1. Motor Operation: When powered, the DC motor starts rotating at a speed determined by the voltage output from the voltage regulator.
2. Rotation Detection: As the motor rotates, the magnet attached to the shaft passes by the hall effect sensor. Each time the magnet passes, the sensor generates a pulse.
3. Counting Pulses: The Arduino Uno detects these pulses and increments a counter for each pulse received, indicating a complete rotation.
4. Displaying Count: The current count of rotations is updated and displayed on the 16×2 LCD in real-time, allowing users to monitor the motor’s activity.

Results

The project successfully demonstrates the following:

• The DC motor runs at a speed controlled by the voltage regulator.
• The hall effect sensor accurately detects each rotation of the motor shaft, generating a pulse for each complete turn.
• The rotation count is displayed on the 16×2 LCD, providing real-time feedback on the motor’s performance.

Conclusion

This project effectively combines hardware and software elements to control and monitor a DC motor’s speed and rotation. The use of a hall effect sensor and an Arduino Uno provides an efficient way to count rotations while allowing for precise speed control. Future improvements could include integrating a user interface for adjusting motor speed and adding data logging capabilities.